l         绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁�鍩烘湰姒傚康

绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堟槸鎸囩祫绻斿湪鏌愪竴鏅�(sh铆)鏈熷収(n猫i)绲勭箶浠诲嫏(w霉)瀹屾垚鐨勬暩(sh霉)閲�銆佽唱(zh矛)閲�銆佹晥鐜囧強璐忓埄鎯呮硜銆�?

绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堝(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鎳�(y墨ng)鍦ㄥ€�(g猫)浜虹妇(j墨)鏁堝(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓婏紝浣嗘槸鍊�(g猫)浜虹妇(j墨)鏁堢殑瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)骞朵笉涓€瀹氫繚璀夌祫绻旀槸鏈夌妇(j墨)鏁堢殑銆傚鏋滅祫绻旂殑绺�(j墨)鏁堟寜涓€瀹氱殑閭忚集闂�(gu膩n)绯昏灞ゅ堡鍒嗚В鍒版瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)宸ヤ綔宕椾綅浠ュ強姣忎竴鍊�(g猫)浜虹殑鏅�(sh铆)鍊�锛屽彧瑕佹瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)浜洪仈(d谩)鎴愪簡绲勭箶鐨勮姹�锛岀祫绻旂殑绺�(j墨)鏁堝氨瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜�銆�

l         绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堢殑瑭�(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)

绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堣⿻(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)鏄鐞嗚€呴亱(y霉n)鐢ㄤ竴瀹氱殑鎸囨(bi膩o)楂旂郴灏�(du矛)绲勭箶鐨勬暣楂旈亱(y霉n)鐕�(y铆ng)鏁堟灉浣滃嚭鐨勬鎷€ц⿻(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)銆傞€氶亷鏈夋晥鐨勮⿻(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)鍙互鎻ず绲勭箶鐨勯亱(y霉n)鐕�(y铆ng)鑳藉姏銆佸劅鍌佃兘鍔�銆佽磸鍒╄兘鍔涘拰灏�(du矛)绀炬渻(hu矛)鐨勮并鐛�(xi脿n)锛岀偤绠＄悊浜哄摗鍜屽埄鐩婄浉闂�(gu膩n)鑰呮彁渚涚浉闂�(gu膩n)淇℃伅锛岀偤鏀瑰杽绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堟寚鏄庢柟鍚戙€�?

绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堢殑瑭�(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)闇€瑕侀伕鐢ㄤ竴瀹氱殑鎸囨(bi膩o)锛屾寚妯�(bi膩o)浣滅偤琛￠噺绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堢殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛屽叾鏈韩蹇呴爤楂旂従(xi脿n)灏�(du矛)绲勭箶绠＄悊鐨勭稖鍚堣姹傘€傚緸绲勭箶鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曢亷绋嬩締鐪�锛屼竴鍊�(g猫)绯荤当(t菕ng)銆佹湁搴忕殑瑭�(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)鍙嶉绯荤当(t菕ng)灏�(du矛)绲勭箶鐨勭敓瀛樺拰鐧�(f膩)灞曡捣钁楄嚦闂�(gu膩n)閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€傜劧鑰岋紝鍥伴洠鐨勬槸锛屽緸涓嶅悓鐨勮搴﹁⿻(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堟渻(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶笉鍚岀殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆�?

鏂潶鍒�?E?瑗胯倴鐖撅紙Stanley E锛嶴eashore锛夎獚(r猫n)鐐猴紝绲曞ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)绲勭箶鐨勭洰妯�(bi膩o)閮戒笉鏄柈涓€鐨勶紝鑰屾槸澶氱ó澶氭ǎ鐨�锛屽苟涓旀湁浜涚洰妯�(bi膩o)鏄浉浜掓矕绐佺殑銆傚绲勭箶鐨勬渶绲傜洰妯�(bi膩o)鏈韩灏卞彲鑳芥槸澶氶噸鐨�锛岃嚦浜庣祫绻旂殑鐭湡鐩(bi膩o)鍜屽瓙鐩(bi膩o)閭ｅ氨鏇存湁鍙兘鏄閲嶇殑浜�锛岄€欎簺姝ｆ槸闇€瑕佷汉鍊�?n猫i)銉戣姱搴锋懝锛巸璧�?锛屽鏋滃悇绋洰妯�(bi膩o)閮藉叿鏈夌浉鍚岀▼搴︾殑閲嶈鎬�锛屽苟涓斾互绨�(ji菐n)鍠殑鏂规硶灏卞彲浠ュ悎骞剁殑瑭�锛屽晱椤屽氨璁婂緱绨�(ji菐n)鍠簡锛涗絾鏄儏娉佸苟闈炲姝�锛岄€欎簺鐩(bi膩o)鍏锋湁涓嶅悓灞ゆ鐨勯噸瑕佹€�锛岃€屼笖鍏舵垚灏卞張鍙兘鐒℃硶绨�(ji菐n)鍠湴鍔犱互娓�(c猫)閲�銆傝タ鑲栫埦瑾�(r猫n)鐐猴紝缍�(j墨ng)鐞嗕汉鍝＄殑姹虹瓥瑕佸熀浜庡皪(du矛)浼佹キ(y猫)缍�(j墨ng)鐕�(y铆ng)妤�(y猫)绺�(j墨)寰炲悇鍊�(g猫)瑙掑害閫�(j矛n)琛屽閲嶈畩閲忕殑瑭�(p铆ng)浼�锛屽畠涓嶅彲鑳藉悓鏅�(sh铆)浣挎墍鏈夌殑鐩(bi膩o)閮介仈(d谩)鍒版渶澶с€�?

l         鎸囨(bi膩o)鐨勫垎椤�

鐐轰簡淇濊瓑淇℃伅鐨勫叏闈㈡€�锛屽湪瑭�(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堟檪(sh铆)锛屾噳(y墨ng)鑰冩叜閲囩敤澶氱ó澶氭ǎ鐨勬寚妯�(bi膩o)渚嗚　閲忕祫绻旂洰妯�(bi膩o)鐨勫畬鎴愮▼搴�锛屽苟鏈夋墍鍋�(c猫)閲嶅湴鍒╃敤涓€浜涙寚妯�(bi膩o)锛屽嵆纰哄畾杓冨ぇ鐨勬瑠(qu谩n)閲嶃€傚洜姝�锛岄鍏堟噳(y墨ng)鏍规摎(j霉)涓嶅悓鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍜岀敤閫斿皪(du矛)鎸囨(bi膩o)鍔犱互鍗€(q奴)鍒�銆�?

1銆佺洰妯�(bi膩o)鑸囨墜娈�?

鏈変簺鎸囨(bi膩o)浠ｈ〃鐨勬槸绲勭箶缍�(j墨ng)鐕�(y铆ng)娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋滄垨鐩(bi膩o)锛岃€屽彟涓€浜涙寚妯�(bi膩o)鍓囨槸绲勭箶閬�(d谩)鍒扮洰妯�(bi膩o)鐨勬浠舵垨鎵嬫銆備竴鑸締瑾�锛岀洰妯�(bi膩o)鎬ф寚妯�(bi膩o)鍦ㄦ寚妯�(bi膩o)楂旂郴涓噳(y墨ng)鍗犺純澶х殑娆�(qu谩n)閲�锛屾墜娈垫€ф寚妯�(bi膩o)鐩稿皪(du矛)娆�(qu谩n)閲嶈純灏忋€�?

2銆佹檪(sh铆)闁�?

棣栧厛锛屾噳(y墨ng)娉ㄦ剰鎸囨(bi膩o)鑰冨療鐨勬槸閬庡幓銆佺従(xi脿n)鍦ㄩ倓鏄皣渚�銆傚叾娆�锛岄倓鎳�(y墨ng)鑰冩叜鎸囨(bi膩o)鐨勬檪(sh铆)闁撹法搴︺€傚皪(du矛)浜庨渶姹傝畩鍕�(d貌ng)杓冨ぇ鐨勪紒妤�(y猫)锛岄暦(zh菐ng)鏈熸寚妯�(bi膩o)鍜岀煭鏈熸寚妯�(bi膩o)寰€寰€宸暟妤靛ぇ銆�?

3銆佺‖鎸囨(bi膩o)鑸囪粺鎸囨(bi膩o)?

纭寚妯�(bi膩o)閫氬父鏄暩(sh霉)閲忔寚妯�(bi膩o)锛岃兘澶犺純瀹㈣鍦板弽鏄犵祫绻旂妇(j墨)鏁堢殑鏈夊舰鏂归潰銆備絾鏄�锛岀‖鎸囨(bi膩o)澶氶仼鐢ㄤ簬绲勭箶鐨勭煭鏈熺洰妯�(bi膩o)锛屼笉鑳藉弽鏄犺濡傞¨瀹㈠皪(du矛)浼佹キ(y猫)鐨勮獚(r猫n)鐭ュ害銆佸摗宸ョ殑婊挎剰搴︾瓑鎯呮硜锛岃€岄€欎簺閫氬父鐢ㄨ粺鎸囨(bi膩o)渚嗗姞浠ヨ　閲忥紝鎵€浠ユ湁鏅�(sh铆)杌熸寚妯�(bi膩o)涔熻ū鏇撮仼鍚堣⿻(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)浼佹キ(y猫)鐨勭稉(j墨ng)鐕�(y铆ng)娲诲嫊(d貌ng)銆�?

4銆佸児(ji脿)鍊煎垽鏂�?

瑷卞鎸囨(bi膩o)鍒板簳鏄珮閭勬槸浣�锛岄€氬父骞舵矑鏈夌当(t菕ng)涓€鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛屼笉鍚岀殑浜哄叾鍍�(ji脿)鍊煎垽鏂峰線寰€涓嶅悓銆傞€欐檪(sh铆)鎳�(y墨ng)缍滃悎娆�(qu谩n)琛＄祫绻旂殑鍏�(n猫i)澶栭儴鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨強鎸囨(bi膩o)鑷韩鐨勮畩鍖栬(gu墨)寰嬶紝浠ョ⒑瀹氬叾閬╃敤绋嬪害銆�?

l         鎸囨(bi膩o)鐨勫堡娆�

鏈変簡鍏烽珨鐨勬寚妯�(bi膩o)鍚�锛岀偤浜嗘湁鏁堝湴閫�(j矛n)琛岀祫绻旂妇(j墨)鏁堢殑瑭�(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)锛岄倓瑕佽肠浜堝悇绋寚妯�(bi膩o)涓嶅悓鐨勬瑠(qu谩n)閲�銆傜敱浜庡悇绋寚妯�(bi膩o)鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍏堢礆(j铆)鍜岄噸瑕佹€т笉鍚岋紝鍥犺€屽叾娆�(qu谩n)閲嶄篃鎳�(y墨ng)涓嶅悓銆�?

缇庡湅(gu贸)瀛�(xu茅)鑰呰タ鑲栫埦瑾�(r猫n)鐐�锛岃⿻(p铆ng)浼颁竴鍊�(g猫)绲勭箶鐨勭妇(j墨)鏁堥渶瑕佽€冩叜涓夊€�(g猫)涓嶅悓灞ゆ鐨勫晱椤岋細涓€鏄祫绻旈暦(zh菐ng)鏈熺附楂旂洰妯�(bi膩o)鐨勫(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鐙€娉�锛涗簩鏄敱鑻ュ共鐭湡鎸囨(bi膩o)琛￠噺鐨勭祫绻旂煭鏈熺稉(j墨ng)鐕�(y铆ng)妤�(y猫)绺�(j墨)锛岄€欎簺鐭湡鐩(bi膩o)缍滃悎璧蜂締灏囩⒑瀹氱祫绻旂殑鏈€绲傜稉(j墨ng)鐕�(y铆ng)鎯呮硜锛涗笁鏄緸灞€т綆灞ゆ鎸囨(bi膩o)缇ゆ墍鍙嶆槧鐨勭暥(d膩ng)鍓嶇稉(j墨ng)鐕�(y铆ng)鐙€娉�锛岄€欎簺鎸囨(bi膩o)鑳藉強鏅�(sh铆)鍙嶆槧鏈濆悜鏈€绲傜洰妯�(bi膩o)鐨勯€�(j矛n)灞曟垨鑳藉弽鏄犻仈(d谩)鍒版垚鍔熺殑鍙兘鎬уぇ灏�銆傝タ鑲栫埦褰㈣薄鍦板皣琛￠噺绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堢殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)绲勫悎鍒颁竴鍊�(g猫)閲戝瓧濉斿舰鐨勬湁灞ゆ鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)涔嬩腑銆備綅浜庡闋�?sh霉)姘栦翰缃盞鐩(bi膩o)锛屽畠鍊戝弽鏄犱簡鏈夋晥鍦伴亱(y霉n)鐢ㄧ挵(hu谩n)澧冭硣婧愬拰姗�(j墨)鏈�(hu矛)浠ラ仈(d谩)鍒板叾闀�(zh菐ng)鏈熷拰姝ｅ紡鐩(bi膩o)鐨勭▼搴︼紱浣嶄簬閲戝瓧濉斾腑閮ㄧ殑鏄竴浜涗腑闁撶洰妯�(bi膩o)锛屽畠鍊戝奖闊胯憲绲勭箶鐨勭煭鏈熺稉(j墨ng)鐕�(y铆ng)鏁堢泭锛岄€欎簺鎸囨(bi膩o)涔熸槸浼佹キ(y猫)杩芥眰鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋�锛涙渶鍚庯紝浣嶄簬濉斿簳鐨勬槸涓€浜涘皪(du矛)绲勭箶鐣�(d膩ng)鍓嶆椿鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勮⿻(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛屽畠鍊戝ぇ楂斾笂鍙嶆槧浜嗛爢鍒╁拰鍏呭垎瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)涓枔鐩(bi膩o)鐨勫墠鎻愭浠躲€�?

l         绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堢殑褰遍熆鍥犵礌

?         鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ュ彇鍚�

绲勭箶鐨勬埌(zh脿n)鐣ュ彇鍚戞焙瀹氫簡绲勭箶鐨勭稉(j墨ng)鐕�(y铆ng)鑼冨湇銆佹墍鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐨勯¨瀹㈢兢楂斿強鎵€閲囩敤鐨勭(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣�锛岄€欎簺灏囧湪瀹忚灞ら潰涓婂奖闊跨祫绻旂殑绺�(j墨)鏁�锛岃€岀祫绻旂殑鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ュ彇鍚戣畩鍖栧張鏈�(hu矛)褰遍熆寰灞ら潰涓婄殑绲勭箶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆侸ohnson & Michiel(2001)浠ヨ臣(g貌u)璨峰瀷绲勭箶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐐虹爺绌跺皪(du矛)璞�锛岀爺绌朵簡鑱疯兘鍨嬬祫绻旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)璁婇潻鐨勫師鍥犱互鍙婇€欎簺璁婇潻鏄浣曠櫦(f膩)鐢熺殑銆傜爺绌剁櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛岀挵(hu谩n)澧冨鍔涙渻(hu矛)椹�(q奴)鍕�(d貌ng)浼佹キ(y猫)鐨勭祫绻旇畩闈�锛屼絾骞堕潪鏄敘(ch菐n)鐢熺祫绻旇畩闈╃殑鍞竴鍥犵礌锛岀祫绻旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙楃挵(hu谩n)澧冨拰鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ョ殑褰遍熆锛岄儴闁€鍖栫殑绲勭箶蹇呴爤鑸囦紒妤�(y猫)鐨勬埌(zh脿n)鐣ュ拰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓€鑷�銆備笉鑰冩叜浼佹キ(y猫)鏁撮珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮畩闈�锛岃€屽儏鍍呰€冩叜閮ㄩ杸鍖栫殑璁婇潻寰€寰€鏄劇鏁堢殑銆�?

鍦ㄦ埌(zh脿n)鐣ュ彇鍚戞柟闈�锛屾垚鍔熺殑浼佹キ(y猫)澶ч珨鏈変互涓嬩笁鍊�(g猫)鐗瑰緛锛�?

1銆佹帴杩戦¨瀹�?

涓€浜涘(xu茅)鑰呰獚(r猫n)鐐�锛屽崜瓒婄殑绲勭箶鏄¨瀹㈤﹨(q奴)鍕�(d貌ng)鍨嬬殑锛屽叾鐗归粸(di菐n)灏辨槸瑕栭¨瀹㈢偤鏈€閲嶈鐨勫埄鐩婄浉闂�(gu膩n)鑰�锛岃€屼笖鎴愬姛绲勭箶鐨勪富瑕佸児(ji脿)鍊艰鏄豢瓒抽¨瀹㈢殑闇€瑕併€�?

2銆佸揩閫熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)?

蹇€熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鎰忓懗钁楀崜瓒婄殑绲勭箶灏�(du矛)鍟忛鍜屾(j墨)閬囪兘澶犱綔鍑鸿繀閫熺殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傞€欏氨瑕佹眰绲勭箶鍦ㄥ璁婄殑鍟嗘キ(y猫)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧笅锛屼笉鏂峰湴灏�(du矛)甯傚牬(ch菐ng)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨拰绲勭箶鍏�(n猫i)閮ㄥ嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勬柊鍟忛鍙婃柊姗�(j墨)鏈�(hu矛)锛屽揩閫熸湁鏁堝湴浣滃嚭鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀偤绲勭箶甯朵締鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑鏂板嫊(d貌ng)鍔�銆�?

3銆佺劍榛�(di菐n)娓呮櫚?

绲勭箶闇€瑕佹槑纰虹殑閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍜岀洰妯�(bi膩o)锛岀洰妯�(bi膩o)鍒囧繉宸︽悥鍙虫摵銆備篃灏辨槸瑾�锛岀祫绻旀埌(zh脿n)鐣ユ噳(y墨ng)鏈変竴瀹氱殑鎸佺簩(x霉)鎬�锛屼笉瑕佽紩鐜囧湴寰炶嚜宸辨搮闀�(zh菐ng)鐨勬キ(y猫)鍕�(w霉)杞�(zhu菐n)鍒板垾鐨勬キ(y猫)鍕�(w霉)涓�銆�?

?         楂樺堡绠＄悊

楂樺堡绠＄悊鑰呯殑蹇冩櫤鍙婇牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鏂瑰紡涔熷皪(du矛)绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堝叿鏈夐噸瑕佺殑褰遍熆銆侭ass瑾�(r猫n)鐐猴紝闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鏈夊叐椤烇細浜ゆ槗鍨嬮牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鍜岃畩闈╁瀷闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)銆傛墍璎備氦鏄撳瀷闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)锛屾槸鎸囬牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鑸囦笅灞箣闁撶殑闂�(gu膩n)绯讳互涓€绯诲垪鐨勪氦鏄撳拰闅卞惈鐨勫绱勭偤鍩虹(ch菙)銆傝┎椤炲瀷鐨勯牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)浠ョ崕(ji菐ng)璩炵殑鏂瑰紡闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)涓嬪爆锛岀暥(d膩ng)涓嬪爆瀹屾垚鐗瑰畾鐨勪换鍕�(w霉)鍚�锛屼究绲︿簣鎵胯鍜岀崕(ji菐ng)璩�锛屾暣鍊�(g猫)閬庣▼灏卞儚涓€闋�(xi脿ng)浜ゆ槗銆傛墍璎傝畩闈╁瀷闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)锛屾槸鎸囬牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鑰呴€氶亷鏀硅畩涓嬪爆鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)姗�(j墨)鑸囧児(ji脿)鍊艰锛屼緥濡傛彁鍗囬渶瑕佸堡娆�銆佽秴瓒婅嚜鎴戣垐瓒ｇ瓑渚嗕績閫�(j矛n)绺�(j墨)鏁堢殑鎻愰珮鍜屾暣鍊�(g猫)绲勭箶鐨勮畩闈�锛涜畩闈╁瀷闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)娑夊強4鍊�(g猫)缍害锛氶牁(l菒ng)琚栭瓍鍔涖€侀紦鑸炲嫊(d貌ng)姗�(j墨)銆佸€�(g猫)鍒ラ珨璨煎拰鏅哄姏鍒烘縺銆�?

鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑锛岄牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鏂瑰紡鑸囩祫绻旂妇(j墨)鏁堝叿鏈夊瘑鍒囩殑鑱�(li谩n)绯汇€�?

Steyrer 锛� Mende(1994)鐮旂┒鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽湪閵€琛屾キ(y猫)锛岃畩闈╁瀷鐨勭鐞嗚€呮瘮浜嬪嫏(w霉)鍨嬬殑绠＄悊鑰呮渻(hu矛)鐛插緱鏇村鐨勯¨瀹㈠競鍫�(ch菐ng)浠介銆�?

R.A.S.Koene绛変汉(2002)鐮旂┒浜嗚畩闈╁瀷闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)琛岀偤灏�(du矛)绲勭箶姘ｅ€欒垏璨�(c谩i)鍕�(w霉)绺�(j墨)鏁堢殑褰遍熆銆傞牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)琛岀偤涓昏寰為牁(l菒ng)琚栭瓍鍔涖€佹彁渚涙効鏅叐鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰渚嗘脯(c猫)閲�锛岀祫绻旀埃鍊欏緸绲勭箶鐨勬湁鏁堟€�銆佸壍(chu脿ng)鏂扮殑鎰忔効鍜屾簼閫氭按骞充笁鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰渚嗚　閲�锛涜病(c谩i)鍕�(w霉)绺�(j墨)鏁堢殑琛￠噺浣跨敤鍏╁€�(g猫)璁婇噺锛氬噲鍒╂饯(r霉n)鍜屽彲鎺у埗鎴愭湰銆備粬鍊戠殑鐮旂┒瑾�(r猫n)鐐�锛屽叿鏈夐牁(l菒ng)琚栭瓍鍔涚殑璁婇潻鍨嬮牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)琛岀偤鐩稿皪(du矛)浜庣祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)缍害鍜岄棞(gu膩n)鎳风董搴﹂牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)琛岀偤鑰岃█锛屾渻(hu矛)灏�(du矛)绲勭箶璨�(c谩i)鍕�(w霉)绺�(j墨)鏁堝拰绲勭箶姘ｅ€欑敘(ch菐n)鐢熸洿澶х殑浣滅敤銆傚叿鏈夐牁(l菒ng)琚栭瓍鍔涚殑璁婇潻鍨嬮牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)琛岀偤锛屼笉鍍呭彲浠ユ彁楂樺摗宸ユ豢鎰忓害鍜岀敓鐢�(ch菐n)鐜囷紝涔熻兘鎻愰珮绲勭箶鐨勬湁鏁堟€�锛屽姞寮�(qi谩ng)绲勭箶鎴愬摗闁撶殑婧濋€氾紝婵€鐧�(f膩)鍝″伐鐨勫壍(chu脿ng)鏂版剰鎰�锛屽緸鑰屼娇浠栧€戞湁鏇村挤(qi谩ng)鐨勮铂(z茅)浠绘劅锛屽姫鍔涙彁楂樺伐浣滆唱(zh矛)閲�锛屼績閫�(j矛n)绲勭箶璨�(c谩i)鍕�(w霉)绺�(j墨)鏁堢殑鎻愰珮銆�?

?         绲勭箶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

Decanio鍜孋atherine绛変汉(2000)瑾�(r猫n)鐐�锛岀祫绻旂祼(ji茅)婧濊兘褰遍熆绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堛€備粬鍊戠爺绌剁殑涓昏鏄祫绻旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀祫绻旂妇(j墨)鏁堥枔鐨勭稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)娓�(c猫)閲�銆傞€欓噷锛岀妇(j墨)鏁堣瀹氱京鐐虹祫绻旈噰鐢ㄤ簡鑳藉付渚嗗埄娼�(r霉n)鐨勫壍(chu脿ng)鏂版墍瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勫噲鐝�(xi脿n)鍊笺€傜稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)娓�(c猫)閲忎富瑕佹槸娓�(c猫)閲忕敱鏇夸唬瑁�(b菙)鍎熷師鍓囧紩璧风殑鏀跺叆涓嶅叕骞�銆傜爺绌剁殑鍩烘湰鎬濊矾鏄祫绻旂殑閬╂噳(y墨ng)鍔涘彇姹轰簬绲勭箶鎴愬摗閲囩敤鐨勮兘甯朵締鍒╂饯(r霉n)鐨勫壍(chu脿ng)鏂版椿鍕�(d貌ng)銆傜爺绌惰〃鏄庢墍瑙€瀵熷埌鐨勫ぇ閲忕稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)涓婄殑涓嶅钩绛夊彲鑳芥槸鐢变簬鍊�(g猫)楂斿湪绲勭箶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓殑瀹氫綅锛屼汉鍔涜硣鏈拰澶╃敓鑳藉姏鐨勪笉鍚屽彲鑳戒綔鐐哄€�(g猫)楂斿湪灞ょ礆(j铆)鍒朵腑鎵€铏曚綅缃殑绲�(ji茅)鏋�锛屼絾鏄祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫瓨鍦ㄦ湰韬氨鏄竴鍊�(g猫)鏄庨’鐨勮硣婧愪笉骞崇瓑銆�?

姝ゅ锛屾(g貌u)鎴愮祫绻旂殑浣嗚垏鍊�(g猫)楂旂壒寰佺劇闂�(gu膩n)鐨勫洜绱�(濡傛敹鐩�銆佹垚鏈瓑)涔熸渻(hu矛)绯荤当(t菕ng)鍦板奖闊胯憲涓嶅钩绛夌殑绋嬪害銆傜爺绌堕洊娌掓湁灏�(du矛)鐝�(xi脿n)瀵�(sh铆)涓墍瑙€瀵熺殑涓嶅钩绛変綔鍑鸿В閲嬶紝浣嗛(y脿n)璀変簡涓€鍙ユ牸瑷€鈥滀笉鍦ㄤ簬浣犵煡閬撲粈涔�锛岃€屽湪浜庝綘鏄(shu铆)鈥�銆傜爺绌舵寚鍑�锛岀稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)涓婁笉骞崇瓑鐨勫師鐢卞緢灏戞湁缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)瀛�(xu茅)涓婄殑闂�(gu膩n)娉紝涓嶇鍊�(g猫)楂旂殑鍊�(g猫)鎬у樊鐣�锛屽堡绱�(j铆)鍒跺拰绲勭箶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勭洓琛屾湰韬氨鏄敹鍏ヤ笉骞崇瓑鐨勬簮娉�銆�?

?         绲勭箶璁婇潻

绲勭箶鐨勬瑠(qu谩n)璁婄悊璜栬獚(r猫n)鐐虹祫绻旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)蹇呴爤閫�(j矛n)琛岃畩闈╀互淇濊瓑绲勭箶鐛插緱楂樼殑绺�(j墨)鏁堟按骞�銆�?

Donaldson(2000)瑾�(r猫n)鐐�锛岀祫绻旂妇(j墨)鏁堢殑璁婂寲涔熻兘淇冧娇绲勭箶璁婇潻锛屼娇绲勭箶鏇撮仼鍚堜簬鐠�(hu谩n)澧�銆傜暥(d膩ng)绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堟瘮杓冧綆鏅�(sh铆)锛岀祫绻旀渻(hu矛)闄峰叆鍗辨(j墨)锛屼娇浼佹キ(y猫)鐨勫児(ji脿)鍊奸檷浣庯紝寰炶€屽皫(d菐o)鑷寸祫绻旇畩闈�銆傜祫绻旂妇(j墨)鏁堢殑璁婂寲鍙互浣滅偤绲勭箶璁婇潻鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)鍔涳紝鐣�(d膩ng)绲勭箶涓嶉仼鎳�(y墨ng)鍑虹従(xi脿n)鏅�(sh铆)锛岀祫绻旂妇(j墨)鏁堝氨鏈�(hu矛)涓嬮檷锛屼綆浜庢豢鎰忔按骞�锛岄€欐ǎ灏辨渻(hu矛)寮曠櫦(f膩)绲勭箶璁婇潻锛屼娇绲勭箶鐢变笉閬╂噳(y墨ng)杞�(zhu菐n)璁�?y艒u)妾玬鎳�(y墨ng)銆傚彧鏈変笉鏂峰湴绲勭箶璁婇潻鍜屾敼鍠勭祫绻旈仼鎳�(y墨ng)鍔�锛岀祫绻旀墠鏈�(hu矛)淇濇寔楂樼殑绺�(j墨)鏁堟按骞�锛屽苟鐛插緱鎸佺簩(x霉)鎴愰暦(zh菐ng)銆� Donaldson鐨勭爺绌跺悓鏅�(sh铆)瑾�(r猫n)鐐�锛岀暥(d膩ng)鍟嗘キ(y猫)鍛ㄦ湡鎸佺簩(x霉)浣庤惤鏅�(sh铆)锛屼娇寰楃祫绻旂妇(j墨)鏁堜綆浜庢豢鎰忔按骞�锛屽緸鑰屽紩鐧�(f膩)閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎬х殑绲勭箶璁婇潻锛涚暥(d膩ng)绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)灏�(du矛)鎵嬪叿鏈夎壇濂界殑绲勭箶閬╂噳(y墨ng)鍔涙檪(sh铆)锛岀祫绻旂殑浣庣妇(j墨)鏁堟渻(hu矛)椹�(q奴)鍕�(d貌ng)绲勭箶鐨勯仼鎳�(y墨ng)鎬ц畩闈�锛涜矤(f霉)鍌垫渻(hu矛)淇冮€�(j矛n)绲勭箶閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎬х殑璁婇潻锛屽洜?y脿n)妤镐花姘侇€�?j墨ng)甯告敮浠樺埄鎭�锛屾墍浠ョ鐞嗚€呮渻(hu矛)涓嶆柗澧炲姞绲勭箶绺�(j墨)鏁堜締閬�(d谩)鍒版豢鎰忔按骞筹紱閮ㄩ杸棰�(f膿ng)闅�(xi菐n)涔熸渻(hu矛)寮曠櫦(f膩)绲勭箶鐨勮畩闈�锛屽鈥滄槑鏄熲€濋儴闁€鍏锋湁杓冮珮鐨勯儴闁€棰�(f膿ng)闅�(xi菐n)锛屾渻(hu矛)浣垮緱瑭查儴闁€缍�(j墨ng)甯歌檿浜庝笉閬╂噳(y墨ng)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鑰屽紩鐧�(f膩)缍�(j墨ng)甯告€х殑閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎬ц畩闈�銆�?

?         绲勭箶鍏�(n猫i)閮ㄧ殑淇′换闂�(gu膩n)绯�

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